The Direttissima

The first high speed train in Europe (1977) was Italian, linking Florence with Rome. It was named the “Direttissima,” to indicate its direct, non-stop connection between the two cities. With a top speed of 124 mph (200 kph), it was an incredible achievement. Today, the “Frecciarossa” (Red Arrow) high-speed train connects Turin, Milan, Bologna, Florence, Rome, Naples and Salerno on the north/south spine, reaching an impressive speed of 186 mph (300 kph). Of course, the fifty years between the inception and today have brought multiple iterations and many technological innovations.

While many train stations have been redesigned for high speed capability, others are still undergoing significant upgrades. Sometimes there’s a need for an intermediate station to be added to the system, resulting in even more engineering and architectural marvels. For example, in the valley between Milan and Bologna, 2 million potential riders were in need of better access. The midway point happened to be the relatively quiet town of Reggio Emilia. The proposal called for a high speed rail master plan, catapulting the historic city into the 21st century. Spanish architect/engineer, Santiago Calatrava’s idea for the “Mediopadana” (Central Valley) Station was to create 3 iconic access bridges spanning the nearby autostrada in addition to a massive new station—all to be completed between 2007-2013. It was a bold initiative.

All four projects

We decided to take a road-trip to see the now-famous bridges (known collectively as “Le Vele:” The Sails). From the Autostrada A1, we first spied the three white sculptural structures. One arched over the highway, while the other two appeared on each side like “sails” over the entrance ramps. Then suddenly, rippling like a wave along the highway, we passed the train station. Wow! We had imagined the structures farther apart, yet they were relatively close creating a unified design. The open, undulating steel structure of the station fluttered above the tilled fields—somewhat surreal, since the Italian countryside is so pastoral. 

As we stood on the train platform, taking photo after photo, we experienced the station exactly as it was designed: to accommodate both high-speed, non-stop trains and local access simultaneously. Just pulling into the station from the north, a Frecciarossa stopped to load and unload passengers. While it was lingering, a conductor walked from coach to coach, answering questions and directing passengers. The engineer in the front coach awaited the conductor’s practiced arm wave, accompanied by the sound of her shrill whistle to proceed.

Then suddenly, we  heard something quite unexpected. On the middle tracks, where there’s no access to passengers, a Frecciarossa on the dedicated high-speed rails, zoomed through at that incredible speed of 186 mph. No doubt it was one of the trains with a non-stop run from Milan to Bologna. It sounded like a jet doing a low level fly-by, and lasted only seconds. There was no hesitation, no slowing through the station. We barely caught a glimpse before it was gone.

Sure, the architecture and engineering feats are breathtaking, but what struck both of us was the idea of speed. Those high velocity trains are all about accessing the future, and it’s definitely moving fast—currently at nearly 200 mph. However, the fancy technology doesn’t turn its back on the significant history held within ancient Italia. The residents of Emilia Romagna have fully embraced the inventive “Mediopadana Stazione” by Calatrava, which speaks to the capacity for both deep roots and powerful wings—that’s humanity at its best.

Photo Gallery

Video – Frecciarossa Departure

Twice normal departure speed—not even close to 186 mph

Video – Frecciarossa Non-Stop

You can watch an AV (Alta Velocità) train pass through the restricted inner two tracks reserved for non-stop traffic at the operational speed of 186 mph (300 kph) on YouTube.

Credits

Gallery photos:
by authors
Story photos and Video:
Inaugural train on the Direttissimo Line (1977) – Source: Evolutio
Aerial view of all four projects – Source: Andrea Delbo – Getty Images
Speeding Frecciarossa photo created by Gemini
YouTube video – Channel: alberto davoli trains

 

Not every bridge is famous.

But that doesn’t mean they aren’t all equally important. In fact, the smaller they get, the more “pedestrian” they become, and in some ways, more important. Why? Because they make a real difference for local people in their every-day lives. Neighborhood bridges get built because individuals make it a priority, teaming up to create change on behalf of a community. Shared necessity. Common Good. That’s a beautiful thing!

San Diego has always been at the heart of local bridge-building. When you create a city on top of many canyons, spans become a priority. Following are some examples of local bridges that emerged out of ingenuity, persistence and community action, linking areas or locations that would otherwise be forever split apart. Bridging becomes a sacred human act. Following are three very different examples to consider:

First Avenue Bridge

Looking up from Maple Canyon.

Bottoms-up

The best place to observe the vehicular/pedestrian First Avenue Bridge is not on top, but rather, from below. Take the canyon trail down to the bottom. Wow! What a gorge! To go from one side of the canyon to the other would be quite a trek. Obviously a bridge was needed to connect the two sides. The canyon was actually disrupting the natural flow of everyday life, separating neighbors from one another. So the locals petitioned the city to construct it in the first place.
From below, you can see the result of their request—a beautiful steel lattice structure spanning the gap.

The FIRST, First Avenue Bridge

Here, you’re looking at the original “People’s Bridge,” a modest span to meet the need, built in 1911 as a relatively quick and light-weight solution to the problem. It definitely worked for 20 years. Then, it was time to get serious, so the test-bridge was replaced with the permanent version—the one we know today. The crossing was here to stay, and that was a huge victory! 

So now, we actually have the new improved version of that 1931 replacement bridge. It has become part of the historic fabric of the city, deserving a $12.7 million make-over. It was completely restored in 2010 to it’s original color and details, looking pretty much like it did when first completed some 90 years ago.

American Sampler

This restored edition of the bridge is truly a piece of Americana. It’s a great example of a steel arch bridge from the early 1900s—the only one in San Diego, and one of only a few left in California. Structurally, it includes about every trick in the book—a real “sampler” of 20th century steel construction. All of the pieces were made and then completely assembled on the floor of a midwestern fabrication plant, then dismantled for shipment to San Diego where it was reconstructed as it is today. The bridge is 463 feet long, 104 feet high and carries nearly 10,000 vehicles daily, linking both sides of the canyon—an essential connector! 

Thanks to the many efforts of the local people, the First Avenue Bridge has become not only a time-saver, but also a money-maker and will hopefully remain an important San Diego landmark for many years to come. Power to the People!

Quince Street Trestle Bridge

Quince Street Trestle

How pedestrian!

The Quince Street footbridge crossing is one of the few wooden trestle bridges left in San Diego, and it’s a beauty! Originally constructed in 1905 and designed by a city engineer and local resident, George d’Hemecourt, this bridge allowed residents long-awaited access to the Fourth Avenue trolly line—spanning 236 feet at 60 feet above the canyon floor. 

This bridge is also testimony to the power of the local people. After suffering years of damage to the wood structure and eventual collapse at one end, it was permanently closed and slated for demolition. That’s when resident Elinor Meadows led the way to have the structure designated a city landmark due to its unique construction. She persevered to victory in 1987 as the city finally agreed that it was an important part of the fabric and history of the city. After more than two years and $250,000, it reopened in August of 1990—revived, rehabilitated and ready to serve a new era of San Diegans.  

Spruce Street Suspension Bridge

Suspended in time

A bridge so special, it has at least three names.

This pedestrian bridge is so magical that it’s location defies naming. Some say it spans “Kate Sessions Canyon,” named after the revered San Diego horticulturalist. However, you can also find the trail under the bridge described as “Spruce Canyon Trail.” Or, you can find a sign declaring it to be “Arroyo Canyon.” For our purposes, we’ll just call it the “Suspension Bridge Canyon.” We will leave the definitive naming of its exact location “suspended” in time, just like the beautiful bridge.

Lay down on the canyon floor and observe the gentle motion of the bridge as it sways back and forth with a slow cool breeze. People find dangling their legs over the sides irresistible, letting themselves be lulled into a sort of twilight sleep by its gentle rocking. Ponder the simplicity of its design as it unobtrusively stretches across the canyon. Next, go up on top—it’s your turn!

Climb aboard

The entrances are especially nice with the mature landscaping closing in around the steel cables. It makes it even more inviting and further accentuates the “secret” feeling you get when walking up to it—compelling. Pause for a minute before stepping out onto the wiggling walkway to notice the structure: the size of the cables, the towers and the connectors anchoring into the concrete—substantial and unique, surely one of the first “moving walkways” in the US? 

So there you have it—three very different bridges that all do their jobs exceptionally well: all are functional, unique and grew from the needs of real people with local lives to live. Each one connects point A to point B, yet, creatively solving the problem in a very specific way. They bear the names of real people associated with them, those who cared enough to take action. Because of these bridges, we’re all a little bit closer to each other; more connected in unseen ways; a little bit better than we surely would be without them—bridging the gaps of our lives—bringing us together! 

For a pedestrian experience of a different kind, you might enjoy a related post about an incredible hike that meanders around the city of Florence Italy—fantastic views from the surrounding mountains and valleys. The story is called “Renaissance Ring.”